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                  <text>The American Philosophical Society Museum has a historically significant collection of approximately 3,000 artifacts and fine art objects, many dating back to the late 18th century. Objects were acquired predominantly through past APS members and scientific activities of the APS. The collection reflects the central role of the APS and Philadelphia in the founding of the nation as well as the development of science and technology in the colonies and early Republic. The collection is strongest in objects relating to early American history (especially Benjamin Franklin, the APS’s founder) and scientific and technological instruments from the 18th century through the early 20th century. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;h1&gt;APS Botanical Specimens&lt;/h1&gt;
There are over 2,250 herbarium sheets in the APS Museum Collection, all of which are currently on long-term deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Lewis and Clark&lt;/h2&gt;
In 1805 and 1806, Thomas Jefferson gave the American Philosophical Society herbarium sheets collected by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark during their 1804-1806 expedition. All of the APS-owned Lewis and Clark herbariums sheets are on this database. In 2002, the ANSP published a comprehensive taxonomic discussion and digital imagery set of the combined collection of Lewis and Clark herbarium sheets. Descriptions in the APS database are from that study set: Spamer, Earle E., and Richard M. McCourt. The Lewis and Clark Herbarium, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (PH-LC): Digital imagery study set. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Special Publication 19, 2002.
&lt;h2&gt;Benjamin Smith Barton&lt;/h2&gt;
In addition to the 185 Lewis and Clark herbarium sheets, the APS also owns the Benjamin Smith Barton herbarium collection (2,000+ sheets) also on long-term deposit at ANSP. These sheets are not currently available on the online database, but will be made available after the collection is photographed. To learn more about these collections, we encourage you to visit the ANSP website at: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ansp.org/research/biodiv/botany/index.php</text>
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                <text>Samuel Vaughan married Sarah Hallowell, the daughter of the King's Naval Commissioner in Boston, in 1750. The couple moved to Jamaica, where Benjamin was born, and later moved back to their house in London. In all, they had eleven children. A patriot for the American cause during the Revolutionary War, Samuel considered immigrating to America, where his wife owned property in Hallowell, Maine (then part of Massachusetts), but his wife preferred London. &#13;
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Samuel was a devoted member of the American Philosophical Society and contributed funds to build Philosophical Hall, which can be glimpsed in the right-hand corner of this painting. He acted as the Society’s first vice-president under his friend and cofounder Benjamin Franklin, who can be seen in bas-relief behind him. &#13;
&#13;
Vaughan is depicted here reading the “Constitution of the United States of America” and volumes by Enlightenment thinker John Locke and Unitarian minister, Richard Price. There are also copies of the American Philosophical Society’s Transactions in the lower left corner. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;h1&gt;APS Botanical Specimens&lt;/h1&gt;
There are over 2,250 herbarium sheets in the APS Museum Collection, all of which are currently on long-term deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Lewis and Clark&lt;/h2&gt;
In 1805 and 1806, Thomas Jefferson gave the American Philosophical Society herbarium sheets collected by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark during their 1804-1806 expedition. All of the APS-owned Lewis and Clark herbariums sheets are on this database. In 2002, the ANSP published a comprehensive taxonomic discussion and digital imagery set of the combined collection of Lewis and Clark herbarium sheets. Descriptions in the APS database are from that study set: Spamer, Earle E., and Richard M. McCourt. The Lewis and Clark Herbarium, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (PH-LC): Digital imagery study set. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Special Publication 19, 2002.
&lt;h2&gt;Benjamin Smith Barton&lt;/h2&gt;
In addition to the 185 Lewis and Clark herbarium sheets, the APS also owns the Benjamin Smith Barton herbarium collection (2,000+ sheets) also on long-term deposit at ANSP. These sheets are not currently available on the online database, but will be made available after the collection is photographed. To learn more about these collections, we encourage you to visit the ANSP website at: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ansp.org/research/biodiv/botany/index.php</text>
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                <text>Joseph Priestley was an outspoken minister and one of the founders of rational Unitarianism. He was also a renowned natural philosopher, who is perhaps most famous for discovering oxygen. He developed innovative teaching methods at Warrington Academy, a school for the children of Dissenters that Samuel Vaughan helped to fund. Both Benjamin and William Vaughan resided in the Priestley household when they attended Warrington Academy. Priestley's support of the French Revolution and his unorthodox religious beliefs ultimately endangered his life.  In 1791, an angry mob set fire to his house, and Priestley fled with his family to London, immigrating to America three years later.</text>
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                <text>American Philosophical Society. Gift of Mrs. Caspar Wistar, 28 March 1818.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;h1&gt;APS Botanical Specimens&lt;/h1&gt;
There are over 2,250 herbarium sheets in the APS Museum Collection, all of which are currently on long-term deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Lewis and Clark&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;h2&gt;Benjamin Smith Barton&lt;/h2&gt;
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                <text>This miniature Battersea enamelware portrait depicts New York statesman and diplomat John Jay. He participated in both Continental Congresses, helping to draft the “Address to the People of Great Britain,” which justified the American Revolution. After the war, he was elected to the APS and became secretary for foreign affairs. Battersea enamelware is named for the London neighborhood where such pieces, usually showing portraits on small trinkets or jewelry, were originally produced. The portrait was modeled after an often-copied original by Pierre Eugène Du Simitière, an artist, antiquary, and APS member.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;h1&gt;APS Botanical Specimens&lt;/h1&gt;
There are over 2,250 herbarium sheets in the APS Museum Collection, all of which are currently on long-term deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Lewis and Clark&lt;/h2&gt;
In 1805 and 1806, Thomas Jefferson gave the American Philosophical Society herbarium sheets collected by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark during their 1804-1806 expedition. All of the APS-owned Lewis and Clark herbariums sheets are on this database. In 2002, the ANSP published a comprehensive taxonomic discussion and digital imagery set of the combined collection of Lewis and Clark herbarium sheets. Descriptions in the APS database are from that study set: Spamer, Earle E., and Richard M. McCourt. The Lewis and Clark Herbarium, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (PH-LC): Digital imagery study set. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Special Publication 19, 2002.
&lt;h2&gt;Benjamin Smith Barton&lt;/h2&gt;
In addition to the 185 Lewis and Clark herbarium sheets, the APS also owns the Benjamin Smith Barton herbarium collection (2,000+ sheets) also on long-term deposit at ANSP. These sheets are not currently available on the online database, but will be made available after the collection is photographed. To learn more about these collections, we encourage you to visit the ANSP website at: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ansp.org/research/biodiv/botany/index.php</text>
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                <text>Younger brother of Benjamin Vaughan, John Vaughan settled in Philadelphia in 1782 and became a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1784. He served variously as secretary, treasurer, and librarian of the Society. A wine merchant, John Vaughan lived at Philosophical Hall from 1822 until his death in 1841 and stored his wines in the Society's cellar. The APS commissioned this portrait of John Vaughan in 1823 ”on consideration of his extraordinary care and attention to the library.” Artist Thomas Sully emphasized Vaughan’s contributions to the library by depicting him holding a book that rests on a volume of the library’s catalogue.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;h1&gt;APS Botanical Specimens&lt;/h1&gt;
There are over 2,250 herbarium sheets in the APS Museum Collection, all of which are currently on long-term deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Lewis and Clark&lt;/h2&gt;
In 1805 and 1806, Thomas Jefferson gave the American Philosophical Society herbarium sheets collected by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark during their 1804-1806 expedition. All of the APS-owned Lewis and Clark herbariums sheets are on this database. In 2002, the ANSP published a comprehensive taxonomic discussion and digital imagery set of the combined collection of Lewis and Clark herbarium sheets. Descriptions in the APS database are from that study set: Spamer, Earle E., and Richard M. McCourt. The Lewis and Clark Herbarium, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (PH-LC): Digital imagery study set. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Special Publication 19, 2002.
&lt;h2&gt;Benjamin Smith Barton&lt;/h2&gt;
In addition to the 185 Lewis and Clark herbarium sheets, the APS also owns the Benjamin Smith Barton herbarium collection (2,000+ sheets) also on long-term deposit at ANSP. These sheets are not currently available on the online database, but will be made available after the collection is photographed. To learn more about these collections, we encourage you to visit the ANSP website at: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ansp.org/research/biodiv/botany/index.php</text>
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                <text>To complete this portrait of Thomas Jefferson commissioned by the United States Military Academy, Thomas Sully stayed for twelve days at Monticello, making sketches and painting the half-length study seen here. Jefferson was concerned that the artist’s ”fine pencil would be illy [sic] bestowed” on a man of seventy-eight years. Sully’s vividly colored and loose-flowing brushstrokes, however, give his sitter a sense of freshness and vitality. After delivering the completed large-scale work to the Academy, Sully kept this study and produced several copies. He touched up the original study in 1830 before Jefferson’s protégé William Short obtained the canvas and donated it to the APS.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;h1&gt;APS Botanical Specimens&lt;/h1&gt;
There are over 2,250 herbarium sheets in the APS Museum Collection, all of which are currently on long-term deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Lewis and Clark&lt;/h2&gt;
In 1805 and 1806, Thomas Jefferson gave the American Philosophical Society herbarium sheets collected by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark during their 1804-1806 expedition. All of the APS-owned Lewis and Clark herbariums sheets are on this database. In 2002, the ANSP published a comprehensive taxonomic discussion and digital imagery set of the combined collection of Lewis and Clark herbarium sheets. Descriptions in the APS database are from that study set: Spamer, Earle E., and Richard M. McCourt. The Lewis and Clark Herbarium, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (PH-LC): Digital imagery study set. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Special Publication 19, 2002.
&lt;h2&gt;Benjamin Smith Barton&lt;/h2&gt;
In addition to the 185 Lewis and Clark herbarium sheets, the APS also owns the Benjamin Smith Barton herbarium collection (2,000+ sheets) also on long-term deposit at ANSP. These sheets are not currently available on the online database, but will be made available after the collection is photographed. To learn more about these collections, we encourage you to visit the ANSP website at: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ansp.org/research/biodiv/botany/index.php</text>
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                  <text>&lt;h1&gt;APS Botanical Specimens&lt;/h1&gt;
There are over 2,250 herbarium sheets in the APS Museum Collection, all of which are currently on long-term deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Lewis and Clark&lt;/h2&gt;
In 1805 and 1806, Thomas Jefferson gave the American Philosophical Society herbarium sheets collected by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark during their 1804-1806 expedition. All of the APS-owned Lewis and Clark herbariums sheets are on this database. In 2002, the ANSP published a comprehensive taxonomic discussion and digital imagery set of the combined collection of Lewis and Clark herbarium sheets. Descriptions in the APS database are from that study set: Spamer, Earle E., and Richard M. McCourt. The Lewis and Clark Herbarium, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (PH-LC): Digital imagery study set. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Special Publication 19, 2002.
&lt;h2&gt;Benjamin Smith Barton&lt;/h2&gt;
In addition to the 185 Lewis and Clark herbarium sheets, the APS also owns the Benjamin Smith Barton herbarium collection (2,000+ sheets) also on long-term deposit at ANSP. These sheets are not currently available on the online database, but will be made available after the collection is photographed. To learn more about these collections, we encourage you to visit the ANSP website at: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ansp.org/research/biodiv/botany/index.php</text>
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                <text>Profile bas-relief portrait of Benjamin Franklin in a fur hat, white on green jasper dip. ”Franklin” and ”Wedgwood/o” on back. After 1777-1779 model (possibly), which is after 1777 ”fur cap” medallion by Jean-Baptiste Nini.</text>
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There are over 2,250 herbarium sheets in the APS Museum Collection, all of which are currently on long-term deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Lewis and Clark&lt;/h2&gt;
In 1805 and 1806, Thomas Jefferson gave the American Philosophical Society herbarium sheets collected by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark during their 1804-1806 expedition. All of the APS-owned Lewis and Clark herbariums sheets are on this database. In 2002, the ANSP published a comprehensive taxonomic discussion and digital imagery set of the combined collection of Lewis and Clark herbarium sheets. Descriptions in the APS database are from that study set: Spamer, Earle E., and Richard M. McCourt. The Lewis and Clark Herbarium, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (PH-LC): Digital imagery study set. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Special Publication 19, 2002.
&lt;h2&gt;Benjamin Smith Barton&lt;/h2&gt;
In addition to the 185 Lewis and Clark herbarium sheets, the APS also owns the Benjamin Smith Barton herbarium collection (2,000+ sheets) also on long-term deposit at ANSP. These sheets are not currently available on the online database, but will be made available after the collection is photographed. To learn more about these collections, we encourage you to visit the ANSP website at: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ansp.org/research/biodiv/botany/index.php</text>
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There are over 2,250 herbarium sheets in the APS Museum Collection, all of which are currently on long-term deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Lewis and Clark&lt;/h2&gt;
In 1805 and 1806, Thomas Jefferson gave the American Philosophical Society herbarium sheets collected by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark during their 1804-1806 expedition. All of the APS-owned Lewis and Clark herbariums sheets are on this database. In 2002, the ANSP published a comprehensive taxonomic discussion and digital imagery set of the combined collection of Lewis and Clark herbarium sheets. Descriptions in the APS database are from that study set: Spamer, Earle E., and Richard M. McCourt. The Lewis and Clark Herbarium, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (PH-LC): Digital imagery study set. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Special Publication 19, 2002.
&lt;h2&gt;Benjamin Smith Barton&lt;/h2&gt;
In addition to the 185 Lewis and Clark herbarium sheets, the APS also owns the Benjamin Smith Barton herbarium collection (2,000+ sheets) also on long-term deposit at ANSP. These sheets are not currently available on the online database, but will be made available after the collection is photographed. To learn more about these collections, we encourage you to visit the ANSP website at: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ansp.org/research/biodiv/botany/index.php</text>
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                  <text>American Philosophical Society Museum</text>
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                  <text>Lynnette Regouby</text>
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                  <text>Tara McGowan</text>
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                  <text>Hannah Sisk</text>
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                  <text>Mary Grace Wahl</text>
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                  <text>Philadelphia, PA</text>
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                  <text>http://apsmuseum.org/collections/</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Portrait of Benjamin Franklin</text>
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                <text>This portrait of Benjamin Franklin highlights his study of ”useful knowledge.” Franklin is surrounded with books, papers and a bust of Sir Isaac Newton, linking Franklin to a distinguished tradition of natural philosophers. While Franklin’s right hand echoes traditional poses of contemplation, the thumb position was uniquely his own. When reading, he was known to rest his elbow on the table and hold his chin with one thumb to keep his spectacles in focus. The original portrait by Scottish artist David Martin now hangs in the White House. Franklin admired the portrait so much that he ordered a copy from Martin for his own home in Philadelphia. Charles Willson Peale made this additional copy, which was presented to the APS in 1785.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Peale, Charles Willson</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1772</text>
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                <text>American Philosophical Society. Gift of Charles Willson Peale, 1785.</text>
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